The first of which is they forage alone. Air entering the nasal passages takes up both heat and moisture from the mucosa and is therefore both warmed and moistened before entering the lungs. concentration of urea (leads to more urea in , filtrate / urine) ; 6 high concentration of , amino acids / urea , in blood increases water absorption from urine ; . Kidney Int 2:214223, Kone BC, Madsen KM, Tisher CC (1984) Ultrastructure of the thick ascending limb of Henle in the rat kidney. The ability of the kangaroo rat and other desert rodents to produce a hyper-concentrated urine is attributed to their possession of extremely long loops of Henle, which is often quoted as an extreme adaptation for life in parched deserts. Am J Physiol 240:F536F544, Geering, K (2006) FXYD proteins: new regulators of NaKATPase. [16] In the case of a snake, the desert kangaroo rat drums its feet and moves within striking distance of the snake and kicks sand in the air. Am J Physiol 290:F241F250, Gong Y, Himmerkus N, Sunq A, Milatz S, Merkel C, Bleich M, Hou J (2017) ILDR1 is important for paracellular water transport and urine concentration mechanism. Kangaroo Rats are small, weighing up to 4.5 ounces, which is about the weight of granola bar. Am J Physiol 264:F337F343, Chou CL, Ma T, Yang B, Knepper MA, Verkman AS (1998) Fourfold reduction of water permeability in inner medullary collecting duct of aquaporin-4 knockout mice. [5], Kangaroo rats drum their feet. The blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is high, and it is maintained by the pumping of the heart and the mechanical properties of the blood vessels. The medulla is separated into two zones the inner medulla and the outer medulla. [16] Linear dominance hierarchies appear to exist among males but it is not known if this is the case for females. Kangaroo rats, on the other hand, take
[3] The spacing of the burrows depends on the number of kangaroo rats and the abundance of food. Kangaroo rats will store extra seeds in seed caches. later, causing longer loops. Am J Physiol 307:F263F272, Gamble JL, McKhann CF, Butler AM, Tuthill E (1934) An economy of water in renal function referable to urea. Kangaroo rats are masters of desert survival. Am J Physiol 200:11391146, Layton AT (2011) A mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat renal medulla: II. The following material gives some important background on kidney function and to appreciate this you need to revise the concept of osmosis. This encloses the glomerulus, a cluster of capillaries. Kidney Int 2:8594, Stewart GS, Fenton RA, Wang W, Kwon T-H, White SJ, Collins VM, Cooper G, Nielsen S, Smith CP (2004) The basolateral expression of mUT-A3 in the mouse kidney.