ferdinand ii, holy roman emperorferdinand ii, holy roman emperor

He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. Ferdinand was born on March 10, 1503, in Alcal de Henares, Spain. Media related to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor at Wikimedia Commons. By 1625, despite receiving subsidies from the Spanish and the Pope, Ferdinand was strapped for cash and looking for a means to raise his own army. [116], Ferdinand concluded a treaty with Maxilimian I in Munich on 8 October 1619. [44] The Calvinist magnate Istvn Bocskai rose up against Rudolph, and most Hungarian noblemen joined him before the end of 1604. A very pious Catholic, he especially favoured the Jesuits. [144] Ferdinand had convoked the Diet of Hungary to Sopron to assure the Hungarian Estates that he would respect their privileges. Given the relatively large number of Protestants within the kingdom, including many among the noble classes, the new king soon became unpopular and some dissidents participated in the ensuing Bohemian Revolt. * Richard Reifenscheid: Die Habsburger in Lebensbildern, Piper Verlag 2007, ISBN 978-3-492-24753-5 * Thomas Winkelbauer: Stndefreiheit und Frstenmacht. A year after he was recognized by the Bohemian Diet as king, they deposed him and elected Frederick V, an event that effectively marked the beginning of the Thirty Years War. [130] Christian of Brunswick was dispatched to invade Bohemia from the north, while Bethlen attacked from the east,[153] but Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly routed Brunswick in the Battle of Stadtlohn on 23 August 1623. , (1603). Im Reich markierte der Regensburger Frstentag einen Hhepunkt kaiserlicher Macht. Join. Therefore, although a treaty was signed, peace did not come. His parents were devout Catholics, and, in 1590, they sent him to study at the Jesuits' college in Ingolstadt, because they wanted to isolate him . [106][111] Since only 300 soldiers were staying in the town, Ferdinand sent envoys to his commander at Krems, Henri Dampierre and entered into negotiations with the Upper Austrian Protestants about their demands. Roman Catholic historiography of the 19th century assigned him too high a place, while liberal historians were likely to underestimate his importance. A devout Catholic, his recognition as King of Bohemia and suppression of Protestantism precipitated the early events of the Thirty Years' War. [35] Although he issued new decrees to strengthen the position of the Catholic Church without seeking the Estates' consent, the Estates granted the subsidies that he had demanded from them. Er stammte damit aus einer Nebenlinie der Habsburger in Innersterreich (Steiermark, Krnten und Krain). Ferdinands Edict of Restitution (1629), which forced Protestants to return to the Roman Catholic church all property seized since 1552, revealed to the German princes the threat of imperial absolutism. von Dnemark gegen Tilly und Wallenstein Hilfe geleistet hatten, entsetzte er ihrer Lnder und belehnte damit Wallenstein. [81], Ferdinand sent troops against the Uskoks' principal center at Senj to put an end to their piratical raids in 1614. [90] Two days later, the Protestant Estates elected directors to form a provisional government and started to raise an army. Birth of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, His Royal Highness Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, Baptism of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Birth of Christine von Habsburg, Erzherzogin, Birth of Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Kaiser. 178. [14] His religiosity was reinforced during his studies:[15] he did not miss the Masses on Sundays and feast days, and made pilgrimages to Bavarian shrines. [102] Ferdinand and Maximilian III decided to get rid of Klesl, although the cardinal supported their demand for a more determined policy against the Bohemian rebels. In November 1632, however, the Catholics were defeated in the Battle of Ltzen (1632), while Gustavus Adolphus was himself killed. [155][154] The treaty confirmed the provisions of the previous Peace of Nikolsburg. zum Knig erreichen und starb am 15. etc. He was the leading champion of the Catholic Counter-Reformation and of absolutist rule in the Thirty Years War. [151] Lamormaini awakened Ferdinand's determination to adopt strict measures against the Protestants. Tz vnyi tanuls utn, 18 vesen kapta els kormnyzi feladatt s cmt. [154] The Diet of Hungary confirmed the right of his son, Ferdinand III, to succeed him in October 1625. The Swedish army was substantially weakened, and the fear that the power of the Habsburgs would become overwhelming caused France, led by Louis XIII of France and Cardinal Richelieu, to enter the war on the Protestant side. [159] They sent delegates to Ferdinand in Vienna, but he did not give them an audience. Full title: Ferdinand, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany, of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania and Bulgaria, etc. $20.99. [109] He gave the booty to Ferdinand, but the king returned it to the Moravian Estates. During the first decade of the Thirty Years War, Ferdinand strengthened his position by transferring the Palatinates electoral office to Maximilian of Bavaria. A year later, Ferdinand tried to recapture the fortress, but the action ended in November 1601 with a defeat, due to unprofessional command of his troops. Gonzaga und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Maria Gonzaga. war von kleiner, gedrungener Gestalt, heiter und freundlich gegen seine Umgebung; seine Gutmtigkeit artete oft in Schwche aus, namentlich gegenber gewissenlosen Beamten. Mtys utn kvetkezett a trnutdlsban. [22] Rudolph II gave Ferdinand responsibility for the defense of Croatia, Slavonia and the southeastern parts of Hungary proper against the Ottomans. [85] Philip acknowledged Ferdinand's right to inherit Matthias's realms, but Ferdinand promised to cede territories in Alsace, along with Finale Ligure and the Principality of Piombino in Italy to Philip after he succeeded Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor. [8] Ferdinand chose Paul the Apostle's words"To Those Who Fight Justly Goes the Crown"as his personal motto before he left Graz in early 1590. [106][113] They deposed Ferdinand on 22 August, and four days later, they offered the crown to Frederick V of the Palatinate. 3. Wallenstein was recalled, being able to muster an army in only a week, and immediately staked a tactical, if not strategic, victory at the September Battle of Frth, quickly followed by his forces expelling the Swedes from Bohemia. [66] Only Philip III of Spain, who promised financial aid to the League, could persuade the Catholic princes to accept Ferdinand as a director and the vice-protector of the League in August. Author of. He was also the Archduke of Styria (Inner Austria) from 15901637, King of Bohemia from 1617-1619 and again from 1620-1637, as well as King of Hungary from 1618-1625. [21] He was first officially installed as ruler in Styria in December. [87][88] The Venetians again laid siege to Gradisca in March 1617. [72] They reached a compromise, but Rudolph refused to name Matthias as his successor. [152] Bethlen used Ferdinand's refusal to give one of his daughters to him in marriage as a pretext to join the new coalition. In 1596 he took over his hereditary lands and, after a pilgrimage to Loreto and Rome, set about suppressing Protestantism by forcing the great majority of his subjects to adopt the Roman Catholic faith. [147] He had secretly promised the transfer of Frederick V's title of elector to Maximilian I and his heirs, but most of his allies did not support the plan. [59] He started negotiations with William V of Bavaria about the formation of an alliance of the Catholic princes, but his uncle wanted to establish it without the Habsburgs' participation. [69][70] However, William V and Maximilian of Bavaria ignored him when they and the three ecclesiastical electorsthe archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologneestablished the Catholic League in February 1610. The French were highly dissatisfied with the terms of the Peace of Prague concluded in 1635, the last important act of Ferdinand. Ferdinnd megkoronzsa utn sem hagyott fel katolizl terveivel, s a mr hagyomnyosan protestnsnak mondhat Csehorszgban, Magyarorszgon s a Nmet-rmai Birodalom egyes terletein politikja miatt egyre feszltebb lett a hangulat, radsul 1617-ben a mantovai rksds miatt Franciaorszggal is szmolnia kellett. 414423. [86][87] Philip also granted 1 million tallers to Ferdinand to finance the war against the Venetians. ferdinand i ruler of Austria; emperor, 1556-64. [158] Maximilian I of Bavaria, who still held Upper Austria in pledge, proposed a cautious approach in the province, but Ferdinand ordered the expulsion of all Protestant pastors and teachers on 4 October. [71] He stayed neutral in the family feud, which enabled him to mediate between the two brothers. [146] Tilly conquered the capital of the Palatinate, Heidelberg, on 19 September. As earlier agreed, Ferdinand succeeded him on the throne. Dies ist nicht verwunderlich, da Ferdinand II. The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose Ferdinand II to be Holy Roman Emperor. [141] Dietrichstein and the Jesuits urged Ferdinand to intervene, and he dissolved the consortium in early 1623. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor House of Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor from 1619 to 1637 Born on 9 July 1578 in Graz Died on 15 February 1637 in Vienna See the 199 coins See the 3 medals and tokens Austrian Empire: Emperor Ferdinand II (1619-1637) See the 77 coins 3 Kreuzer - Ferdinand II (St Veit) 1 Thaler - Ferdinand II (Hall) [109] Thurn and his 15,000 troops laid siege to Vienna on 5 June. and Maria Anna of Bavaria; elected King of the Romans, December 1636; succedeed his father on the imperial throne, February 1637. [21] He avoided discussion of religious affairs with the Estates, taking advantage of their fear of an Ottoman invasion and the peasant uprisings in Upper Austria. [97] Ferdinand was automatically excommunicated for the imprisonment of a cardinal, but Pope Paul V absolved him before the end of the year. Die Ehe blieb kinderlos. [95] Ferdinand hired new troops against the Venetians and volunteers also joined his army. COOMODEL SE106 1/6 Scale . Ferdinnd uralkodsa minden koronaorszgban hbork sorozathoz, a harmincves hborhoz volt kthet. * Frst Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg * Graf Wratislav von Frstenberg * Freiherr Karl von Harrach * Graf Leonhard Helfried von Meggau * Freiherr Peter Heinrich von Stralendorf * Graf Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff * Bischof Anton Wolfradt * Hermann von Questenberg * Bischof Franz Xaver von Dietrichstein * Pater Wilhelm Lamormaini * Hochmeister Johann Kaspar von Stadion Literatur [Bearbeiten], * Khevenhller: Annalen Ferdinands II.. 2. [24] Ferdinand did not force the Lutheran noblemen to convert to Catholicism, but forbade them to employ Protestant priests. Born: July 9, 1578 Birthplace: Graz, Duchy of Styria, Austria, Holy Roman Empire Star Sign: Cancer Died: February 15, 1637 (aged 58) Historical Events 1619-08-08 Duke Maximilian I & Emperor Ferdinand II signs Treaty of Munchen 1619-08-28 Ferdinand II elected Holy Roman Emperor (rules till 1637) Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in Austria]died February 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617-19, 1620-27), and king of Hungary (1618-25). The northern Protestant states, angered by the violation of their rights to choose granted in the Peace of Augsburg, banded together to form the Protestant Union. Emperor Matthias died in Vienna in March 1619. [101] Ferdinand was crowned king of Hungary on 1 July, and he returned to Vienna two weeks later. [118] Maximilian became the head of a renewed Catholic League and Ferdinand promised to compensate him for the costs of the war. [citation needed], His military success caused the tottering Protestants to call in Gustavus II Adolphus, King of Sweden. 15. r/ancientrome. [13] He regularly attended classes, although his delicate health often forced him to stay in his chamber. The duration of his reign was occupied by confessional and military concerns. [73] Matthias, Ferdinand and Maximilian III assembled at Vienna to discuss the issue with Philip III's envoy, Baltasar de Ziga, in December. He also secured support from the Spanish Habsburgs for his claim to succeed the childless Emperor Matthias on the throne, granting them future rule over Alsace and Imperial fiefs in Italy. [80][83], Matthias adopted Ferdinand as his son in 1615, but without proposing Ferdinand's election as king of the Romans, because he feared that Ferdinand would force him to abdicate. Aufl. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor Reign 5 January . [7] He matriculated at the Jesuits' school in Graz at the age of 8. Aided by Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria, his troops annihilated the rebel army on the White Mountain, near Prague, on November 8, 1620. 30-vuotinen sota: Kolmikymmenvuotinen sota kytiin Euroopassa 16181648 suurimmaksi osaksi Pyhn saksalais-roomalaisen keisarikunnan alueella. Filed under: Holy Roman Empire -- History -- Ferdinand II, 1619-1623 -- Sources. Nagybtyja, II. [161] Christian IV raised new troops and stationed them in his Duchy of Holstein (in the Lower Saxon Circle of the Holy Roman Empire) and persuaded the other Lower Saxon rulers to make him the commander of their united armies in early 1625. The emperor removed his Protestant rival and became king of Bohemia once more. Ferdinnd 1596-ban vette t az osztrk rks tartomnyok irnytst, s nagy lendlettel ltott neki az addig tanultak gyakorlati bevezetshez. [112] The Estates of all Lands of the Bohemian Crown formed a confederation on 31 July. Ferdinand seurasi serkkuaan Matiasta keisariksi vuonna 1619. [21] Early the following year, the representatives of the other Inner Austrian provinces swore fealty to him. [140] Liechtenstein, Eggenberg, Wallenstein and other noblemen established a consortium that also included the Jewish banker, Jacob Bassevi, and Wallenstein's financial manager, Hans de Witte. [19] He left unchanged the traditional system of government, appointing only Catholics to the highest offices. [64] According to the Treaty of Lieben, Rudolph retained most Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the title of Holy Roman Emperor, but had to renounce Hungary, Lower and Upper Austria and Moravia in favor of Matthias. This defeat led to the dissolution of the League of Evangelical Union and the loss of Frederick V's holdings. Ferdinnd mg a kzdelem sorn, 1637-ben Bcsben meghalt. Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (July 13, 1608 - April 2, 1657), ruled February 15, 1637 - 1657. Hn oli kiihkokatolinen, jonka tavoite edist vastauskonpuhdistusta ja karkottaa protestantismi keisarikunnasta johti kolmikymmenvuotisen sodan syttymiseen vuonna 1618. [48] After his troops were decimated by hunger and bad weather, Ferdinand was forced to lift the siege and return to Styria on 15 November. [28] He had already made unsuccessful attempts to appoint Catholic priests to churches in predominantly Lutheran towns prior to his Italian journey. [66] Schoppe argued that the alliance was to guarantee the Religious Peace, but he also demanded the restoration of Catholicism in all former ecclesiastic principalities and the return of the confiscated Church lands. [148] They only agreed to bestow the title on Maximilian personally. [156] At his initiative, Ferdinand decided to unite the medical and law faculties of the Charles University in Prague with the theological and philosophical faculties of the Jesuits' local college to strengthen the Jesuits' control of higher education. [146] He reached the town on 24 November, but most Protestant princes sent delegates to the convention. Ferdinand II Elected Holy Roman Emperor. [54][63] Matthias made public his secret treaty with Ferdinand, and the Emperor pardoned Ferdinand. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). & R.H. Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria, Leopold Wilhelm von sterreich-Habsburg, Erzherzog, landvoogden van de Nederlanden, Maria Christina Habsburg, Erzherzogin von sterreich-Steiermark, Kateina Renata von sterreich, Habsburg, Erzherzogin, Elisabeth von Habsburg-sterreich, Archduchess, Georgiane Maximiliane Archduchess of Austria av Steyer Habsburg, Eleonore Archduchess Of av Steyer Habsburg, Maximilian Ernst Habsburg (sterreichische Linie), Leopold V, Erzherzog von sterreich-Tirol. 1648 Erzherzogin Maria Leopoldina, Tochter Erzherzog Leopold V. von sterreich-Tirol und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Claudia von Toskana a.d.H. With his forces scoring important victories against the Protestants, Ferdinand crowned his religious policies by issuing his Edict of Restitution (1629), which was designed to restore all ecclesiastical properties which had been secularized since the Peace of Passau in 1552. . After annihilating the rebel army in 1620, he greatly reduced the Diets power. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Until then the war largely had been confined to Germany, but Swedish and, later on, French intervention turned it into a European conflict. 1651 Prinzessin Eleonore Gonzaga von Mantua, Tochter Herzog Carlo II. Ferdinand II. [9] His parents asked his maternal uncle, William V, Duke of Bavaria, to oversee his education. Additionally, Ferdinand was an absolutist and infringed upon what nobles regarded as secular rights. Archduchess Maria Habsburg of Austria. [51] Ferdinand later claimed that he only signed the secret treaty because he feared that his relatives could otherwise accuse him of pursuing the throne for himself. Perhaps because of Wallenstein's ambiguous conduct, he was assassinated in 1634. [82] They besieged Gradisca from 12 February to 30 March, but they could not capture the fortress. [33] Due to his firm actions, no riots broke out when the leaders of the Protestant community left Graz on 29 September. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, whose aim, as a zealous Catholic, was to restore Catholicism as the only religion in the empire and suppress Protestantism, and whose actions helped precipitate the Thirty Years' War. Maximilian II (11 July 1662 - 26 February 1726), also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, [1] was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. He was the son of Archduke Charles II and is remembered for uniting Spanish kingdoms into Spain. Ferdinand II, 1578-1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), king of Bohemia (1617-37) and of Hungary (1618-37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias. Februar 1637 in Wien) aus dem Haus Habsburg war ab 1617 mit einer Unterbrechung 1619/20 Knig von Bhmen sowie ab 1618 Knig von Ungarn, Knig von Kroatien und ab 1619 Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches. Archduchess Maria Amalia (1746-1804) Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II (1747-1792) Archduchess Maria Caroline (stillborn 1748). Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, S. 644664. [116][117] After learning of Bethlen's success, Frederick V accepted the Bohemian crown on 28 September. Herzog Carlo II vette t az osztrk rks tartomnyok irnytst, s nagy lendlettel ltott neki az addig tanultak bevezetshez. Compromise, but Rudolph refused to name Matthias as his successor t az osztrk rks tartomnyok,... A very pious Catholic, he especially favoured the Jesuits urged Ferdinand to finance the against! 87 ] [ 154 ] the Calvinist magnate Istvn Bocskai rose up against Rudolph, the... Bethlen 's success, Frederick V & # x27 ; s holdings ruler Styria... Italian journey on 19 September provisions of the League of Evangelical Union and the Emperor removed his Protestant rival became. 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