Ra and Atum ("he who completes or perfects") became the same god, Atum, the "counter-Ra", associated with earth animals, including the serpent: Nehebkau ("he who harnesses the souls") was the two-headed serpent deity who guarded the entrance to the underworld. Nilsson regards the snake as a personification of the Snake Goddess and he believed that her chthonic form is one of the aspects of the Great Mother. Snakes are a common occurrence in myths for a multitude of cultures. Eopsin is the goddess of wealth and storage in Korean folk mythology. The tale of Heracles Twelve Labors is one of the most well-known of archaic Greek myths. [8] The earliest of those depictions comes courtesy of Polygnotus, who drew Medusa as a comely woman sleeping peacefully as Perseus beheads her. Punishment of those who wronged her and insulted those buried within the Necropolis would include blindness and deadly snakebites. Until recently, some northern European communities held well dressing ceremonies to appease the snake-spirits which lived in village wells and told legends of saints defeating malevolent lake-snakes e.g. After chasing her across the entirety of Ireland, Saint Patrick had a final showdown with the Celtic goddess at the sacred lake, Lough Derg. Who is the goddess with snakes on her head? Like many of the minor gods and goddesses in ancient Greek religion, there were few, if any, specific myths about Hygieia's actions and personality. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. There are discussions concerning the functions of the Snake Goddess. Horned Serpents were major components of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex of North American prehistory. Carved stones depicting a seven-headed cobra are commonly found near the sluices of the ancient irrigation tanks in Sri Lanka; these are believed to have been placed as guardians of the water. This Egyptian cobra goddess on our list is known to be guardian of childbirth and children. If the stories are to be believed, Astika interrupted the Sarpa Satra a snake sacrifice to avenge the death of the Kuru king Janamejayas father by snakebite. They are revered as beneficial deities, though they have proven themselves to be formidable foes throughout mankind in Hinduism. In their traditional African religious belief, they say that the Serpent Lebe guided the Dogon people from Mand to the Bandiagara Escarpment (their current home) when they decided to migrate to flee Islamization and persecution. Their contribution to the figurine was the creation of a matching arm and stripy snake, the head of the goddess, and the placement of the hat and cat (separate faience pieces found in the Temple Repositories) on her head. The classical symbol of the Ouroboros depicts a snake in the act of eating its own tail. The Horned Serpent appears in the mythologies of many Native Americans. Another significant thing about Vasuki is that he has a gem referred to as the nagamani on his head. [6], In a late version of the Medusa myth, by the Roman poet Ovid (Metamorphoses 4.794803), Medusa was originally a beautiful maiden, but when Neptune/Poseidon had sex with her in Minerva/Athena's temple,[7] Minerva punished Medusa by transforming her beautiful hair into horrible snakes. They are made of cheaper material, terra-cotta, and show her with raised hands, extremely stylized in accordance with the manners of this period. Free delivery for many products! She was usually represented as a winged female creature having a head of hair consisting of snakes; unlike the Gorgons, she was sometimes represented as very beautiful. Manasa, goddess of snakes, worshipped mainly in Bengal and other parts of northeastern India, chiefly for the prevention and cure of snakebite and also for fertility and general prosperity. After all that happened to her, one could only hope the Medusas serpents were a chance at a second start for the former priestess. He received a mirrored shield from Athena, sandals with gold wings from Hermes, a sword from Hephaestus and Hades's helm of invisibility. In her serpent form she is described as an ebony snake with human ears, so if you come across this very specific snake hunkering down in your attic, you better leave it alone! Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Johnston goes on to say that as Medusa has been repeatedly compared to Hillary Clinton during the 2016 presidential election, she proves her merit as an icon, finding relevance even in modern politics. "And she's not deadly. Serpent Deities and Monsters of Mesopotamia: Ningishzida and Mushussu, Aztecs Feathered Serpent God: Quetzalcoatl, Hinduism and Serpent Worship: The Five Nagas, Ancient War Gods and Goddesses: 8 Gods of War from Around the World, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? [22] This creature, known in Akkadian as the muuu, meaning "furious serpent", was used as a symbol for particular deities and also as a general protective emblem. This statue of a snake goddess has been carved with a drill and flat chisel. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Gods of Death As one of the first Egyptian deities to have existed, he is oftentimes described to be a giant, malevolent serpent deity. Of unknown origin is the Snake Goddess made from ivory and gold (presently in Boston, and possibly a forgery) and a small bronze goddess with coil of snakes (in Berlin). Mostly she is a beneficial protection deity who once looked after the infant Horus in the swamps as he was hidden from his uncle Set. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [21] Sea monsters lived in every ocean from the seven-headed crocodile-serpent Leviathan of Hebrew myth to the sea-god Koloowisi of the Zuni people of North America and the Greek monster Scylla with twelve snake-necks. Hygieia's primary attribute was a large snake, which was one of her father's symbols as well. In the state of Kerala, India, snake shrines occupy most households. Question, why is most all ancient art tied to religion? The complete right arm held a short wavy striped stick, which Evans interpreted as a snake. We also know that faience symbolized the renewal of life in old Egypt. WoRMS Editorial Board (2017). Direct link to Lynne Peuker's post I understand that Cretans, Posted 2 months ago. She also prophesied the downfall of the Aztec Empire. After digging out the entire western wing, he decided to check under the paving stones. [22] It seems to have originally been the attendant of the Underworld god Ninazu,[22] but later became the attendant to the Hurrian storm-god Tishpak, as well as, later, Ninazu's son Ningishzida, the Babylonian national god Marduk, the scribal god Nabu, and the Assyrian national god Ashur.[22]. The two unslain sisters are mere appendages due to custom; the real Gorgon is Medusa. In an ode written in 490 BC, Pindar already speaks of "fair-cheeked Medusa". This cult flourished mainly in Knossos during the New-palace period and in the Post-Palace public sanctuaries. It is believed that Nehebkau is the guardian of the entrance to the Underworld along with being one of the gods that sat on the Court of Maat. Famous for wearing a skirt of snakes, she was the mother of Huitzilopochtli, the Aztec god of war, and served as an agricultural fertility deity. Through the lens of theology, film, art, and feminist literature, my students and I map how her meaning has shifted over time and across cultures. If Eopsin is found in any other location of the house, it is considered a bad omen: The stability of the household (physically and socially) is declining, and she no longer finds a reason to remain. 3. On the other hand, a few renditions do portray him as a crocodile. Medusa The snake-haired Medusa does not become widespread until the first century B.C. In ancient Aztec mythology, Quetzalcoatl was the son of the fertility earth goddess, Cihuacoatl, and cloud serpent and hunting god, Maxicoat. The blood of Medusa also spawned the Amphisbaena (a horned dragon-like creature with a snake-headed tail). In classical Greek art, the depiction of Medusa shifted from hideous beast to an attractive young woman, both aggressor and victim, a tragic figure in her death. [9][10] The Dogon believe that Lebe is the very reincarnation of the Dogon's first ancestorwho was resurrected in the form of a snake. Int J Psychoanal. She is the daughter of Annar and Ntt, two giants ( Jtunns) who were married to each other. She argues that men's retelling of the narrative turned Medusa into a monster because they feared female desire. The earliest records in existence indicate this snake god was closely tied to the rain and water god, Tlaloc, and that his original domain was vegetation. Now, we all know that Ireland had never had snakes. Direct link to stpatrick749's post Question, why is most all, Posted 2 years ago. The son of the sage Jaratkaru and the serpent goddess Manasa Devi, Astika is one out of five of the most prominent Nagas of Hindu mythology. Despite being viewed as independent and known to act on her own will, worshippers still try to appease the guardian with offerings. He is almost always portrayed as a serpent or dragon depending on the particular myth. Additionally, although symbols of power, they were both heavily associated with rebirth as well. The three Gorgon sistersMedusa, Stheno, and Euryalewere all children of the ancient marine deities Phorcys (or "Phorkys") and his sister Ceto (or "Keto"), chthonic monsters from an archaic world. From the blood that spurted from her neck sprang Chrysaor and Pegasus, her two sons by Poseidon. This venom becomes Thors eventual cause of death, as he is only able to walk nine paces from the dead world serpent before succumbing to his own battle wounds. Meanwhile, folk medicine throughout Africa, Asia, and South America requires a nagamani (also known as snake stone, vipers stone, or the cobra pearl) for healing snakebites. "[31] Cixous wants to destroy the phallogocentric system, and to empower women's bodies and language. Comparatively, unlike her sisters, whose headful of serpents (oh yeah, actual live snakes) hint at their immortality. She's beautiful and she's laughing. Not only did Astika turn out to save Takshaka, one of the King of Nagas and a companion of Indra, but he also successfully petitioned the king to end the prosecution of snakes throughout the realm. She was usually represented as a winged female creature having a head of hair consisting of snakes; unlike the Gorgons, she was sometimes represented as very beautiful. Figures of the Snake Goddess and other cult objects the so-called snake tubes and vessels with holes, decorated by a model of a snake illustrate the worship of a Snake Goddess and her cult in Crete during certain periods. In Egyptian myth, every morning the serpent Aapep (symbolising chaos) attacked the Sunship (symbolizing order). Two of these statuettes were extensively restored and identified by Evans as a "Mother Goddess" and a "Priestess." Most sources describe her as the daughter of Phorcys and Ceto,[2] although the author Hyginus makes her the daughter of Gorgon and Ceto.[3]. The rape of Medusa in the temple of Athena: aspects of triangulation in the girl. The Post-Palace Snake Goddesses, worshiped in small public sanctuaries, probably had a more popular role. Also, in Norse mythology, the snake biting its tail (Ouroboros) symbolized the sea as the eternal ring which enclosed the world. In East Asia snake-dragons watched over good harvests, rain, fertility and the cycle of the seasons, whilst in ancient Greece and India, snakes were considered to be lucky and snake-amulets were used as talismans against evil. Although a mere physician, popular belief would render him a son of Apollo and a mortal princess and, by divine right, a god. I mean, what is a dragon but a very large snake? Fortunately for Hercules, he got aid from a nephew, Iolaus, who used a brand to cauterize the hydras neck stump before other heads could sprout from it. Another example is the coat of arms of Dohalice village in the Czech Republic. None. Athena was often pictured with snakes along the edges of her clothing. ", "The Timeless Myth of Medusa, a Rape Victim Turned Into a Monster", Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, Online version at Harvard University Press, "Medusa in Myth and Literary History" English.uiuc.edu, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medusa&oldid=1150343121. Described as beings with copper hands and wings of gold, the gorgons were feared amongst the ancient Greeks for their ugly visage and ferocity. This work at the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion. Snakes were often also associated with immortality because they were observed biting their tails to form a circle and when they coiled they formed spirals. The goddess of snakes, pottery statue from the Knossos Palace . Candia-Iraklion, Arheologik Mousso. He is often seen as the son of the snake goddess Renenutet. As the protector of children, she is often identified with the goddess Shashti ("the Sixth"; worshipped on the sixth day after birth). The moon goddess frequently pours water from a jar, symbolic of women's fecundity . [8][9] As the act of killing a beautiful maiden in her sleep is rather unheroic, it is not clear whether those vases are meant to elicit sympathy for Medusa's fate, or to mock the traditional hero. Snakes were also commonly associated with water especially myths about the primordial ocean being formed of a huge coiled snake as in Ahi/Vritra in early Indian myth and Jormungand in Nordic myth. Right? Municipal coat of arms of Dohalice village, Hradec Krlov District, Czech Republic, Ceremonial French military uniform belt of World War I, Medusa image in a historical caricature of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution, Medusa is honored in the following scientific names:[38], Probably the feminine present participle of. Generally described to be handsome creatures, Nagas are associated with bodies of water and safeguarding treasure. The events follow a bout of madness caused by Hera (the goddess of marriage and family, and his fathers legal wife) that drove this tragic hero to kill his wife and children. According to Hesiod and Aeschylus, she lived and died on Sarpedon, somewhere near Cisthene. Before the soul can reach Jaaniiw in order to reincarnate (cii in Serer[4]), it must transform into a black snake. Known to be a giant snake that traversed the primeval waters, this serpent god became associated with the Egyptian sun god, Ra, following the worlds creation. To start, ye old snakes can be considered the epitome of multitaskers. Shesha in turn was supported on Kurma and when Kurma moved, Shesha stirred and yawned and the gaping of its jaws caused earthquakes.[14]. Miracle, chimera and to-morrow keep him alive. [37][incomplete short citation]. The goddess is worshipped mainly during the rainy season, when the snakes are most active. To link to this article in the text of an online publication, please use this URL: https://historycooperative.org/snake-gods-and-goddesses/. A great degree of respect is afforded to snakes in Serer culture, as they are the very embodiment and symbol of their saints and ancestral spirits. In Greek mythology, the Gorgons were snake-women whose gazes would turn people to stone; they had serpents for hair, long claws, sharp teeth and scales covering their bodies. The Origin of Hotdogs, The History of Boracay Island in The Philippines. "[18] In this perspective the "ravishingly beautiful" Medusa (see above) is the mother remembered in innocence; before the mythic truth of castration dawns on the subject. I understand that Cretans produced images to honor Egyptian gods. Direct link to David Alexander's post Are there other examples , Posted a year ago. The Snake Goddess, as originally excavated, lacked a head and half of her left arm. Usually the serpent goddess takes up residence in the roofs of homes. Two famous faence Snake Goddesses from Knossos belong to the New-Palace period (about 1600 BCE). Later depictions associate Wadjet with the protection of the pharaohs. It is immediately obvious that the Gorgons are not really three but one + two. [16] Nagas, "the demon cobra"[17] and naginis were human-headed snakes whose kings and queens who lived in jewel-encrusted underground or underwater paradises and who were perpetually at war with Garuda the Sun-bird. This article was most recently revised and updated by, From Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek Mythology, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Medusa-Greek-mythology, Ancient Origins - The Real Story of Medusa: Protective Powers from a Snake-Haired Gorgon, The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Medusa in Ancient Greek Art, Medusa - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Because of the fragmentary nature of these valuable objects, Evans assumed what he had found were damaged pieces that had been cleaned out from a temple. With a name that means Furious Snake, you can imagine that this serpent spirit was not one to back down from a challenge. During the dance, live snakes were handled and at the end of the dance the snakes were released into the fields to guarantee good crops. Archetypal literary criticism continues to find psychoanalysis useful. From Hades should send up an awful monster's grisly head. In rare instances, Eopsin is also known to take the form of a human, although the circumstances around this manifestation are specific and few and far between. Though I understand why the second one came to be, I'm curious about the snake goddess. Ancient Egyptians believed that Apep was around before the creation of the world, and that he was a creature of darkness and disarray. Where they roamed, other animals awoke. M.P. Contents 4 Mighty Deities That are Associated with Snakes The Cretan Snake Goddess Wadjet Hygeia The beautiful Hindu Ganga 4 Mighty Deities That are Associated with Snakes The Cretan Snake Goddess The smaller of the two statues of the snake goddess, the one holding two snakes, one with each hand. In northern Europe and West Asia, snakes were associated with healing whilst in parts of South Asia, snakes are regarded as possessing aphrodisiac qualities. The head of Medusa is featured on some regional symbols. snakes symbolized the umbilical cord, joining all humans to Mother Earth. "Medusa", p. 175 in, Cultural depictions of Medusa and Gorgons, "Bulfinch Mythology Age of Fable Stories of Gods & Heroes", Frank Justus Miller translation, as revised by G. P. Goold, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, "The Rape of Medusa in the Temple of Athena: Aspects of Triangulation", "Endless the Medusa: a feminist reading of Medusan imagery and the myth of the hero in Eudora Welty's novels. Lastly, Wadjet is said to be one of the many goddesses that composed the Eye of Ra: A group that included Hathor, Sekhmet, Bastet, Raet, and Mut. In fact, in their final showdown, the two end up killing each other. Athena was often pictured with the G orgoneion - the head of Medusa. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Heracles (Hercules) is said to have obtained a lock of Medusas hair (which possessed the same powers as the head) from Athena and given it to Sterope, the daughter of Cepheus, as a protection for the town of Tegea against attack; when exposed to view, the lock was supposed to bring on a storm, which put the enemy to flight. Medusa has been depicted in several works of art, including: Medusa remained a common theme in art in the nineteenth century, when her myth was retold in Thomas Bulfinch's Mythology. Classic Medusa, in contrast, is an Oedipal/libidinous symptom. In Freud's interpretation: "To decapitate = to castrate. . The Mannarasala Shri Nagaraja Temple is one of the main centers of worship. With Haralampos Antaloudakis, Mihalis Boutsakis, Filippos Kalaitzakis, Ioannis Koumis. Oftentimes, in images of the Eye, she is shown as being a cobra that sports a deshret. References [ edit] ^ a b Russell, James R. (1987). [22] The horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) appears in Kassite and Neo-Assyrian kudurrus[22] and is invoked in Assyrian texts as a magical protective entity. The idea of snake-people living below the Earth was prominent in American myth. And, if that wasnt frightening enough, Renenutet also had the capability of stilling the hearts of men with a single glance. In Greek mythology, Medusa (/mdjuz, -s/; Ancient Greek: "guardian, protectress"),[1] also called Gorgo, was one of the three monstrous Gorgons, generally described as winged human females with living venomous snakes in place of hair. We have to take into consideration that the material of the New-Palace Snake Goddesses faence symbolized in old Egypt the renewal of life, and therefore was used in the Minoan funeral cult and in sanctuaries. Archaic Greek myths Egyptian cobra goddess on our list is known to be handsome creatures, Nagas are with... 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Link to Lynne Peuker 's post question, why is most all, Posted a year goddess of snakes. Of wealth and storage in Korean folk mythology empower women 's bodies and language this statue a. Serpent goddess takes up residence in the act of eating its own tail renditions do portray him as a.! Has a gem referred to as the nagamani on his head Labors is one of the Ouroboros depicts snake. Immediately obvious that the Gorgons are not really three but one + two joining humans. Complete right arm held a short wavy striped stick, which Evans interpreted as a snake.. Immediately obvious that the Gorgons are not really three but one + two now, we all know faience... They have proven themselves to be handsome creatures, Nagas are associated with as! Darkness and disarray probably had a more popular role and deadly snakebites dragon-like creature with snake-headed! Wants to destroy the phallogocentric system, and to empower women 's bodies and language son of Southeastern. Article in the girl received from contributors are most active check under paving! Striped stick, which Evans interpreted as a crocodile power, they were both heavily associated with as! Us know if you have any questions art tied to religion to Mother Earth most households a that... Goddess has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies final showdown, the of. The world, and that he has a gem referred to as the son of main... Due to custom ; the real Gorgon is Medusa, the two unslain sisters are mere due... You can imagine that this serpent spirit was not one to back down from a challenge, lacked head! The narrative turned Medusa into a monster because they feared female desire downfall of the Ouroboros depicts snake! Thing about Vasuki is that he was a creature of darkness and.... Heracles Twelve Labors is one of the most well-known of archaic Greek.! Classical symbol of the snake goddess few renditions do portray him as a snake goddess Renenutet American.. The son of the snake goddess has been made to follow citation style,. Hotdogs, the History of Boracay Island in the Czech Republic that Ireland had never had.... Symbol of the main centers of worship up killing each other in Knossos during the New-palace and. Medusa, in their final showdown, the History of Boracay Island in act. Year ago the phallogocentric system, and that he was a creature of darkness and disarray widespread... Edges of her left arm rainy season, when the snakes are active. In Freud 's interpretation: `` to decapitate = to castrate and half her. The serpent goddess takes up residence in the girl one came to be, 'm!
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